Austria: Völkermarkt District
Communes
The population of the communes in Völkermarkt District according to census results and official estimates.
| Name | Status | Population Census 2001-05-15 | Population Census 2011-10-31 | Population Estimate 2022-01-01 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bleiburg | City | 4,081 | 3,896 | 4,127 | → |
| Diex | Commune | 863 | 820 | 785 | → |
| Eberndorf | Commune | 6,014 | 5,900 | 5,919 | → |
| Eisenkappel-Vellach | Commune | 2,710 | 2,404 | 2,193 | → |
| Feistritz ob Bleiburg | Commune | 2,128 | 2,092 | 2,182 | → |
| Gallizien | Commune | 1,825 | 1,785 | 1,758 | → |
| Globasnitz | Commune | 1,645 | 1,616 | 1,583 | → |
| Griffen | Commune | 3,677 | 3,522 | 3,406 | → |
| Neuhaus | Commune | 1,236 | 1,103 | 1,015 | → |
| Ruden | Commune | 1,600 | 1,551 | 1,516 | → |
| Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See | Commune | 4,297 | 4,364 | 4,564 | → |
| Sittersdorf | Commune | 2,122 | 2,074 | 1,953 | → |
| Völkermarkt | City | 11,372 | 11,110 | 10,904 | → |
Contents: Localities
All localities with a population of at least 20 according to census results and latest official estimates.
| Name | Status | Commune | Population Census 2001-05-15 | Population Census 2011-10-31 | Population Estimate 2022-01-01 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abriach | Locality | Gallizien | 93 | 72 | 73 | → |
| Abtei | Locality | Gallizien | 104 | 119 | 134 | → |
| Admont | Locality | Völkermarkt | 41 | 42 | 46 | → |
| Aich | Locality | Bleiburg | 167 | 142 | 146 | → |
| Aich | Locality | Völkermarkt | 96 | 113 | 97 | → |
| Altendorf | Locality | Sittersdorf | 105 | 86 | 80 | → |
| Altenmarkt | Locality | Griffen | 154 | 205 | 241 | → |
| Arlsdorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 41 | 55 | 55 | → |
| Attendorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 30 | 38 | 52 | → |
| Bach | Locality | Neuhaus | 89 | 66 | 69 | → |
| Bach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 58 | 67 | 68 | → |
| Bad Eisenkappel | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 1,066 | 943 | 872 | → |
| Berg ob Attendorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 63 | 60 | 52 | → |
| Berg ob Leifling | Locality | Neuhaus | 35 | 21 | 22 | → |
| Bergstein | Locality | Völkermarkt | 45 | 55 | 48 | → |
| Blasnitzen | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 66 | 60 | 62 | → |
| Blasnitzenberg | Locality | Sittersdorf | 28 | 16 | 20 | → |
| Bleiburg | Locality | Bleiburg | 1,339 | 1,298 | 1,353 | → |
| Bösenort | Locality | Diex | 82 | 66 | 62 | → |
| Brenndorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 57 | 53 | 49 | → |
| Buchbrunn | Locality | Eberndorf | 87 | 97 | 81 | → |
| Buchhalm | Locality | Eberndorf | 146 | 119 | 119 | → |
| Diex | Locality | Diex | 374 | 390 | 381 | → |
| Dobrowa | Locality | Bleiburg | 23 | 19 | 20 | → |
| Dobrowa | Locality | Völkermarkt | 87 | 86 | 75 | → |
| Dobrowa | Locality | Ruden | 69 | 64 | 53 | → |
| Dolintschitschach | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 58 | 51 | 60 | → |
| Drabunaschach | Locality | Gallizien | 50 | 42 | 41 | → |
| Drauhofen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 72 | 62 | 42 | → |
| Duell | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 15 | 16 | 21 | → |
| Dullach I | Locality | Völkermarkt | 58 | 71 | 74 | → |
| Dullach II | Locality | Völkermarkt | 86 | 63 | 67 | → |
| Dürrenmoos | Locality | Völkermarkt | 368 | 347 | 347 | → |
| Eberndorf | Locality | Eberndorf | 1,076 | 1,062 | 1,181 | → |
| Ebersdorf | Locality | Bleiburg | 411 | 382 | 605 | → |
| Ebriach | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 373 | 314 | 292 | → |
| Edling | Locality | Eberndorf | 169 | 178 | 175 | → |
| Einersdorf | Locality | Bleiburg | 286 | 269 | 271 | → |
| Eis | Locality | Ruden | 259 | 238 | 228 | → |
| Enzelsdorf | Locality | Gallizien | 132 | 110 | 115 | → |
| Enzelsdorf | Locality | Griffen | 199 | 204 | 186 | → |
| Erlach | Locality | Griffen | 68 | 122 | 104 | → |
| Feistritz ob Bleiburg | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 332 | 288 | 286 | → |
| Feld | Locality | Gallizien | 27 | 23 | 29 | → |
| Frankenberg | Locality | Völkermarkt | 34 | 32 | 23 | → |
| Freibach | Locality | Gallizien | 38 | 42 | 43 | → |
| Gablern | Locality | Eberndorf | 277 | 264 | 259 | → |
| Gallizien | Locality | Gallizien | 248 | 293 | 253 | → |
| Gänsdorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 63 | 69 | 55 | → |
| Gariusch | Locality | Griffen | 47 | 40 | 33 | → |
| Gattersdorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 214 | 214 | 211 | → |
| Glantschach | Locality | Gallizien | 168 | 162 | 161 | → |
| Gletschach | Locality | Griffen | 49 | 52 | 48 | → |
| Globasnitz | Locality | Globasnitz | 311 | 293 | 283 | → |
| Gonowetz | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 326 | 332 | 341 | → |
| Goritschach | Locality | Gallizien | 112 | 111 | 121 | → |
| Goritschach | Locality | Sittersdorf | 182 | 189 | 149 | → |
| Gösselsdorf | Locality | Eberndorf | 647 | 635 | 605 | → |
| Grabelsdorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 155 | 160 | 159 | → |
| Grablach | Locality | Bleiburg | 30 | 29 | 32 | → |
| Graditschach | Locality | Neuhaus | 38 | 32 | 24 | → |
| Grafenbach | Locality | Diex | 114 | 118 | 105 | → |
| Greuth | Locality | Völkermarkt | 198 | 217 | 223 | → |
| Griffen | Locality | Griffen | 899 | 819 | 767 | → |
| Griffnergemeinde | Locality | Griffen | 133 | 141 | 139 | → |
| Großenegg | Locality | Diex | 51 | 42 | 41 | → |
| Großenegg | Locality | Griffen | 75 | 63 | 53 | → |
| Grutschen | Locality | Griffen | 38 | 35 | 32 | → |
| Gurtschitschach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 58 | 46 | 45 | → |
| Haberberg | Locality | Griffen | 109 | 78 | 81 | → |
| Hafendorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 31 | 49 | 54 | → |
| Haimburg | Locality | Völkermarkt | 388 | 353 | 325 | → |
| Haimburgerberg | Locality | Diex | 158 | 131 | 129 | → |
| Hart | Locality | Eberndorf | 142 | 139 | 160 | → |
| Hart | Locality | Neuhaus | 63 | 71 | 69 | → |
| Heiligenstadt | Locality | Neuhaus | 23 | 19 | 22 | → |
| Hinterlibitsch | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 50 | 48 | 47 | → |
| Hof | Locality | Eberndorf | 55 | 54 | 57 | → |
| Hof | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 230 | 224 | 217 | → |
| Höhenbergen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 65 | 64 | 63 | → |
| Homitzberg | Locality | Eberndorf | 14 | 28 | 27 | → |
| Horzach I | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 55 | 53 | 46 | → |
| Horzach II | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 43 | 43 | 43 | → |
| Humtschach | Locality | Eberndorf | 133 | 125 | 135 | → |
| Hungerrain | Locality | Völkermarkt | 66 | 48 | 42 | → |
| Illmitzen | Locality | Neuhaus | 37 | 34 | 35 | → |
| Jaunstein | Locality | Globasnitz | 157 | 154 | 138 | → |
| Jerischach | Locality | Sittersdorf | 42 | 65 | 62 | → |
| Kaltenbrunn | Locality | Völkermarkt | 73 | 107 | 90 | → |
| Kanaren | Locality | Ruden | 33 | 26 | 25 | → |
| Kaunz | Locality | Griffen | 88 | 97 | 111 | → |
| Kleindiex | Locality | Ruden | 100 | 99 | 101 | → |
| Kleindorf | Locality | Globasnitz | 234 | 242 | 236 | → |
| Kleindorf I | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 23 | 27 | 31 | → |
| Kleindorf II | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 49 | 48 | 41 | → |
| Kleindörfl | Locality | Griffen | 39 | 33 | 38 | → |
| Klein Sankt Veit | Locality | Völkermarkt | 234 | 250 | 274 | → |
| Kleinzapfen | Locality | Sittersdorf | 71 | 67 | 74 | → |
| Klopein | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 254 | 268 | 300 | → |
| Köcking | Locality | Eberndorf | 196 | 210 | 213 | → |
| Kohldorf | Locality | Eberndorf | 100 | 83 | 73 | → |
| Kömmel | Locality | Bleiburg | 78 | 71 | 67 | → |
| Koprein Sonnseite | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 41 | 35 | 29 | → |
| Korb | Locality | Völkermarkt | 97 | 96 | 86 | → |
| Kraßnitz | Locality | Ruden | 35 | 29 | 28 | → |
| Krejanzach | Locality | Gallizien | 79 | 80 | 76 | → |
| Kremschitz | Locality | Völkermarkt | 101 | 101 | 108 | → |
| Krenobitsch | Locality | Völkermarkt | 72 | 74 | 65 | → |
| Kristendorf | Locality | Sittersdorf | 52 | 46 | 47 | → |
| Kühnsdorf | Locality | Eberndorf | 1,604 | 1,548 | 1,557 | → |
| Kulm | Locality | Völkermarkt | 31 | 24 | 22 | → |
| Ladratschen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 27 | 27 | 23 | → |
| Langegg | Locality | Griffen | 66 | 54 | 39 | → |
| Lanzendorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 27 | 21 | 29 | → |
| Lassein | Locality | Völkermarkt | 54 | 65 | 71 | → |
| Lasseinerbucht | Locality | Völkermarkt | 29 | 31 | 33 | → |
| Lauchenholz | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 82 | 74 | 83 | → |
| Leppen | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 207 | 181 | 169 | → |
| Lettenstätten | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 103 | 129 | 128 | → |
| Lind | Locality | Griffen | 124 | 104 | 91 | → |
| Lippendorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 61 | 68 | 60 | → |
| Lippitzbach | Locality | Ruden | 50 | 35 | 29 | → |
| Littermoos | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 51 | 48 | 46 | → |
| Lobnig | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 132 | 130 | 115 | → |
| Loibach | Locality | Bleiburg | 429 | 419 | 413 | → |
| Loibegg | Locality | Eberndorf | 99 | 103 | 100 | → |
| Miklauzhof | Locality | Sittersdorf | 55 | 73 | 84 | → |
| Mittertrixen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 154 | 175 | 148 | → |
| Mittlern | Locality | Eberndorf | 634 | 626 | 557 | → |
| Möchling | Locality | Gallizien | 101 | 97 | 66 | → |
| Mökriach | Locality | Eberndorf | 75 | 92 | 87 | → |
| Mökriach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 34 | 40 | 31 | → |
| Moos | Locality | Bleiburg | 177 | 177 | 164 | → |
| Moos | Locality | Gallizien | 118 | 105 | 111 | → |
| Motschula | Locality | Neuhaus | 108 | 85 | 82 | → |
| Müllnern | Locality | Sittersdorf | 129 | 133 | 110 | → |
| Nageltschach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 124 | 131 | 124 | → |
| Neudenstein | Locality | Völkermarkt | 76 | 71 | 61 | → |
| Neuhaus | Locality | Neuhaus | 113 | 127 | 110 | → |
| Oberburg | Locality | Eberndorf | 57 | 72 | 70 | → |
| Oberdorf | Locality | Neuhaus | 69 | 57 | 53 | → |
| Obergreutschach | Locality | Diex | 79 | 69 | 66 | → |
| Obermitterdorf | Locality | Ruden | 231 | 225 | 210 | → |
| Obernarrach | Locality | Sittersdorf | 63 | 85 | 99 | → |
| Obersammelsdorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 84 | 86 | 83 | → |
| Oberseidendorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 34 | 30 | 21 | → |
| Obersielach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 140 | 129 | 135 | → |
| Oschenitzen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 163 | 141 | 132 | → |
| Penk | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 209 | 187 | 193 | → |
| Peratschitzen | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 130 | 111 | 99 | → |
| Pfannsdorf | Locality | Sittersdorf | 95 | 100 | 80 | → |
| Pirk | Locality | Gallizien | 42 | 34 | 36 | → |
| Pirkdorf | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 110 | 95 | 84 | → |
| Piskertschach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 44 | 39 | 38 | → |
| Podrain | Locality | Globasnitz | 95 | 96 | 91 | → |
| Pogerschitzen | Locality | Sittersdorf | 31 | 27 | 25 | → |
| Polena | Locality | Sittersdorf | 34 | 40 | 33 | → |
| Pölzling | Locality | Gallizien | 33 | 32 | 30 | → |
| Poppendorf | Locality | Griffen | 128 | 163 | 143 | → |
| Pörtschach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 63 | 52 | 65 | → |
| Pribelsdorf | Locality | Eberndorf | 266 | 236 | 223 | → |
| Proboj | Locality | Sittersdorf | 117 | 123 | 125 | → |
| Pudlach | Locality | Neuhaus | 334 | 293 | 278 | → |
| Pustritz | Locality | Griffen | 238 | 228 | 214 | → |
| Rain | Locality | Sittersdorf | 25 | 29 | 32 | → |
| Rakollach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 26 | 25 | 29 | → |
| Rakounig | Locality | Griffen | 253 | 197 | 198 | → |
| Rammersdorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 52 | 75 | 80 | → |
| Ratschitschach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 85 | 83 | 69 | → |
| Rausch | Locality | Griffen | 78 | 81 | 80 | → |
| Rechberg | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 150 | 146 | 139 | → |
| Reifnitz | Locality | Völkermarkt | 98 | 111 | 92 | → |
| Reisdorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 121 | 122 | 111 | → |
| Remschenig | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 78 | 60 | 61 | → |
| Replach | Locality | Bleiburg | 66 | 62 | 64 | → |
| Rinkenberg | Locality | Bleiburg | 284 | 278 | 283 | → |
| Rinkolach | Locality | Bleiburg | 94 | 92 | 100 | → |
| Robesch | Locality | Gallizien | 34 | 37 | 32 | → |
| Rückersdorf | Locality | Sittersdorf | 166 | 158 | 161 | → |
| Ruden | Locality | Ruden | 156 | 178 | 216 | → |
| Ruhstatt | Locality | Völkermarkt | 66 | 56 | 54 | → |
| Ruttach | Locality | Bleiburg | 48 | 39 | 39 | → |
| Sagerberg | Locality | Sittersdorf | 58 | 45 | 34 | → |
| Salchendorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 144 | 109 | 100 | → |
| Sankt Agnes | Locality | Völkermarkt | 74 | 69 | 65 | → |
| Sankt Georgen | Locality | Bleiburg | 38 | 34 | 38 | → |
| Sankt Georgen am Weinberg | Locality | Völkermarkt | 87 | 104 | 91 | → |
| Sankt Jakob | Locality | Völkermarkt | 174 | 178 | 155 | → |
| Sankt Kanzian (Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See) | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 286 | 378 | 421 | → |
| Sankt Kollmann | Locality | Griffen | 90 | 81 | 96 | → |
| Sankt Lorenzen | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 63 | 66 | 51 | → |
| Sankt Lorenzen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 56 | 56 | 52 | → |
| Sankt Margarethen | Locality | Bleiburg | 89 | 89 | 71 | → |
| Sankt Margarethen ob Töllerberg | Locality | Völkermarkt | 138 | 161 | 144 | → |
| Sankt Martin | Locality | Völkermarkt | 40 | 34 | 34 | → |
| Sankt Martin | Locality | Ruden | 144 | 152 | 167 | → |
| Sankt Marxen | Locality | Eberndorf | 81 | 109 | 111 | → |
| Sankt Marxen | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 77 | 71 | 68 | → |
| Sankt Michael ob Bleiburg | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 382 | 452 | 545 | → |
| Sankt Michael ob der Gurk | Locality | Völkermarkt | 152 | 153 | 139 | → |
| Sankt Nikolai | Locality | Ruden | 81 | 73 | 61 | → |
| Sankt Peter am Wallersberg | Locality | Völkermarkt | 341 | 356 | 346 | → |
| Sankt Primus | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 160 | 167 | 186 | → |
| Sankt Radegund | Locality | Ruden | 127 | 104 | 94 | → |
| Sankt Stefan | Locality | Globasnitz | 276 | 250 | 252 | → |
| Sankt Stefan | Locality | Völkermarkt | 32 | 34 | 34 | → |
| Sankt Veit im Jauntal | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 137 | 186 | 178 | → |
| Schattenberg | Locality | Bleiburg | 25 | 26 | 20 | → |
| Schilterndorf | Locality | Bleiburg | 171 | 149 | 149 | → |
| Schloßberg | Locality | Griffen | 166 | 136 | 138 | → |
| Schreckendorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 97 | 79 | 91 | → |
| Schwabegg | Locality | Neuhaus | 197 | 186 | 162 | → |
| Seebach | Locality | Eberndorf | 95 | 57 | 69 | → |
| Seelach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 285 | 293 | 315 | → |
| Seidendorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 61 | 48 | 47 | → |
| Sertschach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 122 | 114 | 132 | → |
| Sielach | Locality | Sittersdorf | 197 | 190 | 179 | → |
| Sittersdorf | Locality | Sittersdorf | 178 | 157 | 170 | → |
| Sonnegg | Locality | Sittersdorf | 36 | 37 | 28 | → |
| Srejach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 178 | 179 | 209 | → |
| Steinerberg | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 51 | 47 | 51 | → |
| Stein im Jauntal | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 207 | 253 | 199 | → |
| Steinkogel | Locality | Völkermarkt | 44 | 37 | 33 | → |
| Tainach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 600 | 526 | 549 | → |
| Tainacherfeld | Locality | Völkermarkt | 23 | 20 | 24 | → |
| Tichoja | Locality | Sittersdorf | 40 | 35 | 38 | → |
| Traundorf | Locality | Globasnitz | 286 | 300 | 325 | → |
| Trögern | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 40 | 33 | 20 | → |
| Tschepitschach | Locality | Globasnitz | 73 | 81 | 67 | → |
| Tscherberg | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 97 | 97 | 90 | → |
| Tschrietes | Locality | Griffen | 29 | 24 | 22 | → |
| Unterbergen | Locality | Eberndorf | 22 | 24 | 24 | → |
| Unterbergen | Locality | Globasnitz | 47 | 43 | 37 | → |
| Unterbergen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 54 | 54 | 52 | → |
| Unterburg | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 348 | 363 | 484 | → |
| Unterdorf | Locality | Neuhaus | 42 | 31 | 29 | → |
| Untergreutschach | Locality | Griffen | 161 | 123 | 124 | → |
| Unterkrain | Locality | Gallizien | 67 | 61 | 53 | → |
| Unterlibitsch | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 59 | 64 | 62 | → |
| Unterlinden | Locality | Völkermarkt | 30 | 25 | 33 | → |
| Untermitterdorf | Locality | Ruden | 100 | 107 | 95 | → |
| Unternarrach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 67 | 65 | 65 | → |
| Unternberg | Locality | Ruden | 130 | 139 | 116 | → |
| Unterort | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 65 | 44 | 43 | → |
| Unterort | Locality | Feistritz ob Bleiburg | 135 | 92 | 97 | → |
| Unterrain | Locality | Griffen | 87 | 59 | 52 | → |
| Untersammelsdorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 31 | 36 | 38 | → |
| Vellach | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 350 | 319 | 278 | → |
| Vellach | Locality | Gallizien | 133 | 138 | 155 | → |
| Vesielach | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 80 | 74 | 82 | → |
| Völkermarkt | Locality | Völkermarkt | 4,836 | 4,616 | 4,693 | → |
| Wackendorf | Locality | Globasnitz | 155 | 145 | 143 | → |
| Waisenberg | Locality | Völkermarkt | 105 | 105 | 109 | → |
| Wallersberg | Locality | Griffen | 147 | 192 | 201 | → |
| Wallersdorf | Locality | Griffen | 23 | 35 | 31 | → |
| Wandelitzen | Locality | Völkermarkt | 49 | 34 | 23 | → |
| Wasserhofen | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 660 | 592 | 573 | → |
| Watzelsdorf | Locality | Völkermarkt | 68 | 80 | 81 | → |
| Weinberg | Locality | Sittersdorf | 333 | 304 | 263 | → |
| Weinberg | Locality | Völkermarkt | 35 | 41 | 42 | → |
| Weißenstein | Locality | Bleiburg | 28 | 23 | 21 | → |
| Weitendorf | Locality | Sankt Kanzian | 95 | 83 | 105 | → |
| Wernzach | Locality | Völkermarkt | 31 | 33 | 29 | → |
| Wesnitzen | Locality | Neuhaus | 23 | 30 | 28 | → |
| Wiederndorf | Locality | Bleiburg | 175 | 172 | 173 | → |
| Wildenstein | Locality | Gallizien | 218 | 196 | 197 | → |
| Winklern | Locality | Völkermarkt | 36 | 35 | 28 | → |
| Wölfnitz | Locality | Griffen | 34 | 34 | 31 | → |
| Woroujach | Locality | Bleiburg | 78 | 86 | 67 | → |
| Wriesen | Locality | Griffen | 65 | 44 | 34 | → |
| Wunderstätten | Locality | Ruden | 47 | 46 | 52 | → |
| Zauchen | Locality | Eisenkappel-Vellach | 126 | 125 | 98 | → |
Source: Statistik Austria (web).
Explanation: Localities are defined independently of the type of settlement by municipal and state laws; they may be, e.g., closed settlements, scattered settlements or combinations thereof.